10/31/2023 0 Comments Nacl ephemeral ports![]() Typically, when a client communicate with service on a server, each transport communication (or network socket) is identified by the five-tuple(or socket address): 4 However, if we configure NACL on the subnets of EFS, we not only need to allow the inbound traffic from the clients to the port 2049(NFS port), but we also need to consider the outbound traffic to the client from EFS back to the clients.įor NACL, we need to know what the port range the NFS client will use for communication with NFS server, or we will get timeout if the NACL does not allow the traffic from EFS to the clients. When using Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), which support NFS, on the EFS side, it requires the configuration of security groups and the security groups should allow inbound access for the TCP protocol on the NFS port from the clients (EC2 instances). a stateless firewall at the subnet level.a stateful firewall at the network interface(ENI) level.On AWS, VPC provides several firewall configurations, the basic firewall configurations are the followings: 1 To secure and restrict the access from clients to the files on a remote server, a administrator usually will use firewall to limit the access resources. Network File System (NFS) is a protocol to allow a client to access files on a remote server over a network like local storage. ![]() All covered in Scenario 3 above because the NAT gateway has a public address in our PublicSubnet.This article will go through how NFS client choose the port for communication with NFS server. SCENARIO 4: As Scenario 3 PLUS NAT traffic from PrivateSubnet via NAT gateway in PublicSubnet.Īction: None. http/https) traffic out to the Internet from our PublicSubnet.Īction: Add outbound rule to connect to servers on the Internet and therefore generalize our inbound rule for the return traffic who's source can now be from Internet addresses in addition to our PrivateSubnet. SCENARIO 3: As Scenario 2 PLUS Allow e.g. +400 EphPorts:1024-65525 10.0.2.0/24 (return traffic to client connections initiated in the PublicSubnet from the PrivateSubnet) ![]() Add inbound EP rule for the return traffic caused by that. SCENARIO 2: As Scenario 1 PLUS Allow SSH and MySQL connections from our PublicSubnet into our PrivateSubnetĪction: Add outbound rules to connect to SSH and MySQL services in our PrivateSubnet from the PublicSubnet. Pretty minimal, right? Certainly not a matching set of inbound/outbound rules. Most Important Note: For the returning client traffic we ONLY need an outbound rule for the Ephemeral Ports (EP). SCENARIO 1: Allow HTTP/HTTPS and SSH connections FROM the Internet TO the PublicSubnet Just in case, the content of the link might be missing in the future, I copied the portion of reference important to me below, ATTN: from references why, in the end, the inbound and outbound rules look similar.how a NACL inbound and outbound rules come into play.I happened to come across the excellent article explaining step-by-step: ![]() NACL Inbound and Outbound Rules in DMZ subnet I presented a NACL Inbound and Outbound Rules in DMZ subnet below without in-depth explanation. More than two years ago, I wrote a post about AWS security group and NACL.
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10/31/2023 0 Comments Edwin encarnacion espnTerms of Use and Privacy Policy and Safety Information / Your California Privacy Rights are applicable to you. ^ Back to Top ^ © 2023 ESPN Internet Ventures. Information from The Associated Press was used in this report. ![]() The Blue Jays lead baseball with 184 home runs. He has 35 RBIs this month, breaking the Blue Jays record he shared with Carlos Delgado, who had 34 in June 2003.Įncarnacion added a seventh-inning single and finished the day going 2 for 3 in the team's 9-2 victory over the Tigers. The home run was Encarnacion's 30th of the season, 11 of which have come in August. Sunday's solo drive extended Encarnacion's hitting streak to 25 games, the longest in the majors since a 28-game run by Colorado's Nolan Arenado in 2014. Gerente Deportivo de Municipal se refiere al tema de Giovani Dos Santos. TORONTO - Blue Jays slugger Edwin Encarnacion connected in the first inning against Detroit, homering for the third straight at-bat.Įncarnacion hit three home runs and matched a Blue Jays record with nine RBIs in Saturday's 15-1 win over the Tigers. Donaldson y Encarnación, dúo de amigos con una misión. All rights reserved.You have reached a degraded version of because you're using an unsupported version of Internet Explorer.įor a complete experience, please upgrade or use a supported browserĮdwin Encarnacion homers for third consecutive at-bat Edwin Encarnación aboga por que Carlos Febles sea parte del Clásico. I mean, if I say tomorrow that I want to play with LeBron James, is that tampering, too?" El toletero dominicano Edwin Encarnación y una selección del draft de junio van a Seattle, mientras que su compatriota Carlos Santana regresará a Cleveland. I'm not a GM or a team owner or whatever. "Tampering? I don't write no paycheck," Ortiz said after the All-Star break. ![]() ESPN Staff Writer Jun 15, 2019, 08:51 PM ET. Get the latest updated stats for designated hitter Edwin Encarnacion on ESPN. Shortly after the incident in San Diego, Ortiz told reporters that he did not expect to be punished for his lobbying effort on behalf of Encarnacion. The Seattle Mariners have traded Edwin Encarnacion to the New York Yankees for cash considerations and minor league pitcher Juan Then. Get the latest updated stats for designated hitter Edwin Encarnacion on ESPN. MLB's tampering rule states: "There shall be no negotiations or dealings respecting employment, either present or prospective, between any player, coach or manager and any major or minor league club other than the club with which the player is under contract, or acceptance of terms, or by which the player is reserved or which has the player on its negotiation list." Edwin Encarnacion's face showed signs of anguish, the result of a right quad strain that will keep him out of the All-Star game and, more importantly, out of the Toronto lineup for at least two weeks. But baseball stopped short of fining Ortiz for his comments, the source said. The MLB Network reported that the commissioner's office sent Ortiz a letter warning him not to violate the game's tampering rules. The Blue Jays have put All-Star first baseman Edwin Encarnacion on the 15-day. "And sorry Blue Jays, but who better than Encarnacion to do that?'' Cleveland Indians Traded 1B Edwin Encarnacion and Future Considerations to Seattle Mariners Tampa Bay Rays Traded LF Jake Bauers to Cleveland Indians Seattle. By the end of the season, Encarnacion routinely batted a spot or two behind slugger Jose Bautista. "The Red Sox know that they need to reinforce the middle of the lineup,'' Ortiz said during a July 12 news conference. The Blue Jays picked up a 3.5 million option on Encarnacion on Monday. The designated hitter leads the team with nine homers despite a. Ortiz is retiring at the end of this season, and Encarnacion will be a free agent in November. Encarnacion hit a three-homer in the first, a two-run shot in the second and a solo drive in the eighth. Ortiz caused a stir at the All-Star Game in San Diego when he suggested the Red Sox should consider Encarnacion as their DH in 2017. Major League Baseball officials reminded David Ortiz of the need to abide by the game's tampering rules in response to his comments about Toronto's Edwin Encarnacion at the All-Star Game last month, but refrained from levying a fine or any other discipline against the Boston designated hitter, a source said Tuesday. ![]() MLB reminds David Ortiz about tampering rules, but won't fine slugger 3429 likes, 79 comments - tsnofficial on October 5, 2016: The Spanish-language call of Edwin Encarnacions home-run by ESPNs Jose Francisco Rivera is. You have reached a degraded version of because you're using an unsupported version of Internet Explorer.įor a complete experience, please upgrade or use a supported browser 10/31/2023 0 Comments Easter bible verse catholicWhatever we’re facing right now, there’s always a tomorrow since there’s always going to be another spring coming eventually. “ That is one good thing about this world, there are always sure to be more springs.” - L.M. The resurrection of Christ is a light that illuminates the dark for us Christians. This quote is more or less self-explanatory. "We proclaim the resurrection of Christ when his light illuminates the dark moments of our existence." - Pope Francis Not just for us humans but also for angels, the heavens, and Earth itself. This quote lays it all plain and simple: the resurrection of Jesus Christ is a joyous occasion for everyone. Raise your joys and triumphs high sing, ye heavens and earth reply.” - Charles Wesley, English author “ Christ the Lord is risen today, sons of men and angels say. This quote uses a unique analogy to remind us that Jesus died so we could receive the light of God’s love. “ The Cross is the lightning rod of grace that short-circuited God's wrath to Christ so that only the light of His love remains for believers.” - A.W. Even in the most turbulent times, we can still have peace because we know Jesus is here for us. This quote reminds us of how Jesus Christ’s sacrifice gifted us with peace. Because of His resurrection, we can have peace during even the most troubling of times because we know He is in control of all that happens in the world.” - Paul Chappell, American pastor “Because of the empty tomb, we have peace. He wants us to live like Him, so we can reach others with His love. This quote reminds us that Jesus didn’t die for our sins so we could live carefree lives. This is our greatest privilege, our immediate responsibility and our ultimate destiny.” - Rick Warren, American pastor His purpose is far deeper: He wants to make us like Himself before He takes us to heaven. “ Jesus did not die on the cross just so we could live comfortable, well-adjusted lives. But, as we know today, Jesus was resurrected despite the Romans’ attempt to bury the truth. The Romans crucified Jesus because they believed He committed blasphemy for claiming that He is the Son of God. Hall, American authorĮaster is a holiday celebrating Jesus Christ’s resurrection. “ Easter says you can put truth in a grave, but it won’t stay there.” - Clarence W. It is an important reminder to keep in mind all year but especially so in spring when Easter rolls around. But it’s more than that-in this, Martin Luther reminds us that God promises that we will one day be resurrected. “ Our Lord has written the promise of the resurrection, not in books alone, but in every leaf in spring-time.” - Martin Luther, German priestĮaster happens in spring, so this Luther quote is seasonally appropriate. We don’t just provide the quotes – we’ll also discuss a little bit about why we like each of them. ![]() In this section, we’ll go over 12 quotes about Easter from various public figures. Read on to see our favorite verses and quotes to celebrate Easter. ![]() In addition to great quotes about Easter, we’ll also give you Bible verses about Easter to incorporate into your sermons. Either way, you’ll likely find many great uses for these Christian quotes for Easter. These quotes are also perfect if you plan to put up a sign at home or church. If you’re preparing an Easter sermon, you might need some great quotes about Easter. As a celebration of Jesus Christ’s resurrection, it reminds Christians that we’ll experience resurrection someday.Īs the most important holiday in Christianity, there are lots of quotes about Easter out there. Easter is the most important holiday for Christians. 10/31/2023 0 Comments Jalen hurts stats oklahoma![]() Chase Young, Ohio State defensive end, junior ![]() It’s a double-edged sword because while they combined to have one of the best offenses in the country, sharing snaps hurt their individual stats. Dobbins, who had an outside shot at being the Buckeyes’ third Heisman finalist. His stats would probably be more impressive if Ohio State didn’t have a powerhouse running back in J.K. He had 471 rushing yards so far and 10 rushing touchdowns. He’s also a mobile quarterback, but not quite like Hurts. He also has 40 touchdowns compared with just one (1!) interception, and he’s thrown at least two touchdown passes in every game this season. 16 nationally) and has thrown for 2,953 yards (No. Fields has a 67.5 completion percentage (No. Justin Fields to KJ Hill again! #GoBucks /fpgrFNRrxzĪnother transfer quarterback, Fields left Georgia to join the Buckeyes and first-year coach Ryan Day, and because of that, there were some early questions about how they could handle the changes. ![]() Jalen Hurts, Oklahoma quarterback, fourth-year senior He has up to two more games to pad his stats and increase his chance of being the No. Not only is his completion percentage up more than 20 points from last season, but he’s also thrown 32 more touchdowns this year. Since his first season with LSU in 2018 after transferring from Ohio State, he’s dramatically improved in several areas. He’s a huge favorite to win the Heisman, and the only conceivable reason why he might not is because his rushing stats don’t compare with the other two QBs (289 yards, three TDs).īut Burrow is a huge reason why the Tigers’ offense has been unstoppable this season and is averaging 554.3 yards per game (No. He’s also second in the country with 4,715 passing yards, and he’s thrown 48 touchdowns compared with just six interceptions. His best stat this season, by far, is his nation-leading 77.9 completion percentage, and that number actually increases slightly to 78.6 percent against top-25 teams, which is outrageous. ![]() That's partly true for all Paradox games, but at least eu4 has coalitions, Stellaris has federations and mods for ships making it no longer just "battleship arty go pew pew", additionally, eu4 and Stellaris has things that shake up the game, eu4 has disasters, coalitions, external constant threats, institutions and Revolutions, Stellaris also has Crisises, Fallen empires, Galactic community politics, total war empires, federations, and mid-game crisis.Īside from "great khans" that, in AI hands, takes over some weak AI's on the other side of the map then randomly implodes, and Crusades which is just "guess ill go send some troops maybe for some random provinces that i don't care about" and occasionally adventurers.ĬK II is just the same "kill other nations, kill characters, stomp some vassals" for all eternity, aside from borders maybe, nothing really changes. eventually roleplaying as characters gets old both bc it seems like the same character over and over, and it's either you win against everybody or you don't. This is partly bc you choose or have some agency in traits your character gets,Ģ. Now, i like to roleplay as an empire, but CK II characters are kinda generic, with not alot of interaction, and at the end of the day, there's only really two characters, you, and the AI. Hard to care about characters, unless it's from an already established TV show or something like that. I want to say, in addition, CK II would probably be my all-time favorite, it's a very close race, the reason it isn't is for these two reasons:ġ. 10/31/2023 0 Comments Muzzle for cats![]() ![]() These types of cats come in many forms and colors. Residual ghost striping and/or barring can often be seen on the lower legs, face, and belly and sometimes at the tail tip, as well as the standard 'M' and a long dark line running along the spine, primarily in ticked tabbies that also carry a mackerel or classic tabby allele. The ticked tabby pattern is due to even fields of agouti hairs, each with distinct bands of color, which break up the tabby patterning into a salt-and-pepper appearance that makes them look sand-like-thus there are few to no stripes or bands. Many American shorthair cats demonstrate this pattern. The gene responsible for the coloring of a classic tabby is recessive. The legs, tail, and cheeks of a classic tabby have thick stripes, bands, and/or bars. Classic tabbies each have a light-colored "butterfly" pattern on the shoulders and three thin stripes (the center stripe being the darkest) running along the spine. Black tabbies generally have dark browns, olives, and ochres that stand out more against their black colors. 80% of modern-day cats have the recessive allele responsible for the classic pattern. The classic tabby, also known as blotched tabby, has the 'M' pattern on the forehead but, rather than primarily thin stripes or spots, the body markings are thick curving bands in whorls or a swirled pattern, with a distinctive mark on each side of the body resembling a bullseye. Mackerels are the most common among tabbies. Mackerel tabbies are also called 'fishbone tabbies,' probably doubly named after the mackerel fish. Three or five vertical lines in an 'M' shape almost always appear on the forehead, along with dark lines from the corners of the eyes, one or more crossing each cheek, and of course many stripes and lines at various angles on the neck and shoulder area, on the flanks, and around the legs and tail, marks which are more or less perpendicular to the length of the body part. These stripes can be continuous or broken into bars and short segments/spots, especially on the flanks and stomach. The mackerel, or striped, tabby pattern is made up of thin vertical, gently curving stripes on the sides of the body. Patterns Prototypical tabby patterns in the head region: An 'M' on the forehead, bright eye rims and borders of the ears The notion that tabby indicates a female cat may be due to the feminine proper name Tabby as a nickname of " Tabitha". Use of the term tabby cat for a cat with a striped coat began in the 1690s and was shortened to tabby in 1774. Tabby is also comparable to the Spanish word ataviar, which means "to decorate or to dress or wear" and often implies luxurious clothing. ![]() Such silk cloth became popular in the Muslim world and spread to England, where the word "tabby" became commonly used in the 17th and 18th centuries. This word is a reference to the Attabiya district of Baghdad, noted for its striped cloth and silk itself named after the Umayyad Governor of Mecca Attab ibn Asid. This can be further traced to the Middle French atabis (14th century), which stemmed from the Arabic term عتابية / ʿattābiyya. The English term tabby originally referred to "striped silk taffeta", from the French word tabis, meaning "a rich watered silk". Etymology A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat One genetic study of domestic cats found at least five founders. The tabby pattern occurs naturally and is connected both to the coat of the domestic cat's direct ancestor and to those of their close relatives: the African wildcat ( Felis lybica lybica), the European wildcat ( Felis silvestris) and the Asiatic wildcat ( Felis lybica ornata), all of which have similar coats, both by pattern and coloration. The tabby pattern is found in many official cat breeds and is extremely common among the general population of mixed-breed cats around the world. ![]() "Tabby" is not a breed of cat, but a coat type seen in almost all genetic lines of domestic cats, regardless of breed. It is thought that the tabby pattern originates from the numerous related species of wildcat.Ī tabby cat, or simply tabby, is any domestic cat ( Felis catus) with a distinctive 'M'-shaped marking on its forehead stripes by its eyes and across its cheeks, along its back, and around its legs and tail and (differing by tabby type), characteristic striped, dotted, lined, flecked, banded, or swirled patterns on the body-neck, shoulders, sides, flanks, chest, and abdomen. Mackerel tabby, with the distinctive striped pattern and forehead 'M' A European wildcat ( Felis silvestris) bearing a similar coat pattern to that of a tabby cat. For other uses, see Tabby (disambiguation). 10/31/2023 0 Comments Parallax effect html css![]() The extra JavaScript can also add to the load time. Parallax sliders, especially with large images and complex movements, can slow down your site. Just remember to test it on different devices to make sure it looks good everywhere! Can a parallax slider impact my website’s performance? It can create a stunning visual effect, and really make your website stand out. Just make sure it’s fixed positioned and sits behind your other content. This way, you can share more than just pretty pictures, you can share stories! Can I use a parallax slider as a background?Ī parallax slider background? Fancy stuff! Yes, you can use a full-width parallax slider as a background. Make sure to choose contrasting colors or use a text shadow, so your text stands out. So you can focus on making things look awesome! Can I add captions or text over my parallax slider images?Īdding captions to your parallax slider? Of course! You just need to add your text in the HTML and position it over your images with CSS. They usually take care of these headaches for you. This is where using a well-tested plugin or library can help. Some effects might not work or look different. Just remember to read the documentation! What’s the deal with browser compatibility for parallax sliders?Īh, the bane of web design – browser compatibility! Parallax sliders can be a bit tricky, especially in older or less common browsers. They make it much easier to create awesome parallax sliders. ![]() Libraries like Parallax.js, or plugins for jQuery, like skrollr or Stellar.js, they got you covered. You bet! If you want to save some time or get fancy features, there are JavaScript libraries and plugins ready to lend a hand. So whether on a phone or a jumbo monitor, your parallax slider is good to go! Are there any JavaScript libraries or plugins for parallax sliders? You may also need some media queries to adjust things for different screen sizes. This way, your slider will scale with the screen size. Making a parallax slider responsive, that’s the spirit! You’ll want to use percentage values or viewport units for width and height, not fixed pixels. How can I make a parallax slider responsive? But, beware, it might not work as smoothly or look as cool in all browsers. It’s a neat trick if you want to keep things light and avoid JavaScript. You’ll need to leverage CSS properties like perspective, transform and transition to create the parallax effect. It’s like you’re the puppet master pulling the strings! Can I create a parallax slider with just CSS?Ī pure CSS parallax slider? Challenge accepted! It’s definitely possible, but a bit trickier. The key is to have them move at different speeds to create that sense of depth. You use CSS to position your images and JavaScript to control the speed at which they move. This is typically achieved with CSS and JavaScript. How is the parallax effect created in a slider?Ĭreating the parallax magic? Fun times ahead! The idea is to move background images slower than foreground images. It’s a unique way to grab your visitors’ attention and give them a rich visual experience. When applied to sliders, you get a parallax slider. The limitless possibilities of this design feature will help you create a website that truly stands out.Įver seen those funky sliders where images move at different speeds, giving a feeling of depth? That’s parallax for you! It’s all about creating an illusion of three dimensions in a two-dimensional space. ![]() We’ve scoured the web to bring you first-rate examples of parallax scrolling websites to inspire you. It is no wonder that it is being utilized since it injects a website with personality. While parallax sliders have long been celebrated in the realm of video games, they have recently experienced a well-deserved resurgence in web development. The parallax scrolling effect entices visitors to linger a little longer, which enhances search engine optimization (SEO) and results in more conversions. It can take center stage as the main feature of a website, or be subtly woven throughout to highlight the foreground elements. Picture that as you’re scrolling, the background layout smoothly glides at a slower pace than the foreground elements, resulting in a mesmerizing 3D-like sense of depth. This captivating technique has revolutionized the way users interact with websites, delivering a deeply engaging experience. Web design is constantly evolving, and one innovation has proven to be a game changer since its introduction in 2010, the parallax slider. 10/31/2023 0 Comments Pdf reader 8![]() It is not that we open PDF files once in a blue moon, and we use PDF files for a variety of reasons. Having a PDF reader for a computer is something, which is quite mainstream. Scanned the captured documents by using the free Adobe Scan tool for form filling, uploading, signing in documents, reviewing, and sharing with your friends or colleagues.List of top free and best PDF readers those can prove a good alternative to Adobe Acrobat PDF reader such as Foxit reader, javelin pdf reader, Slimpdf reader, nitro pdf reader, Sumatra pdf and more. Multiple navigations and editing options such as hiding any unnecessary menus for eliminating distraction and focusing the text, switching to full screen, auto-reader which will read the text aloud, and re-edit the previous text easily. The Adobe Acrobat Reader with free license available for Windows 32/64-bit operating system of a laptop and PC, presented for all software users as a free trial for a specific period, free download with potential restrictions. You can set the security setting for allowing the preferred persons can read, open, print, copy, and modify your documents. Protected mode with sandbox technology enabled by default put a stop to third parties from the installation of suspicious content as well as blocking any access to your personal information, and its removal. The geospatial Location tool shares the location.Object Data tool is for analyzing data.Protection, Analysis, and Accessibility give complete protection and secure the documents, monitor accessibility of documents.Tracker tool checks updates of Reviews and Forms.Read Out Loud tool reads the text with correct pronunciation in case of existing the sound capabilities in your device.The program offers different extra tools which have matchless performance with the competitors. The Zoom option helps you to view the document from top&bottom or left&right edges, rolled out, and presented one or two at a time. You can save the documents by adding comments, or as plain text, and sharing them through email. Attach the related information through sticky notes, audio/video recording, and also a digital approval stamp can be attached. These options help you to highlight the text in different styles such as highlight with yellow color, underline, or strike-through. Annotation & ViewĪnnotation options enable you to take an easy review of your documents. ![]() In addition, it requires a 32-bit and 64-bit setup. With various compatibility with all types of devices, the app has special compatibility with all types of Windows-Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows 7 are mainly operating systems to run the app very smoothly and reliably. Now the digital form filling, adding of e-signature, and submitting electronically is very easy with Adobe Reader. Subscription for activating extra capabilities of creating PDF files and exporting them to MS Word and MS Excel. The Mobile Link feature gives easy access to recently viewed documents from any type of device, anytime, and anywhere. Support Adobe CloudĪdobe Reader has complete integration with its cloud services which enables you in creating, view, editing, combine, compress, export, and collaborate PDF files. Printing and attaching documents via email is also possible. Tap the “Sign” icon which enables you to digitally sign documents through the addition of text or attach a signature. The program delivers thorough details about the required document. Click the “open” button and search the folder of PDFs. Open the simple user-friendly interface through the quick-start file manager which gives easy access to any recently opened file. A confirmation notification will be appeared on the screen just click on the “Finish” button.A progress bar is for facilitating the task. The installation process including with two stages downloading and running a PDF reader.Click the “Save” button and save the file in a dialog box.Before installing the version close any type of installed program.You can install and Download Adobe Acrobat Reader Offline Installer Setup from whatever browser you are using. How to PDF Adobe Reader DC Download and Install How to PDF Adobe Reader DC Download and Install. 10/31/2023 0 Comments Franzis hdr projects 3![]() This shortens waiting times and lets you work more smoothly. Faster, more versatile, and with an eye for detailsĪccelerated performance means calculations run faster. There are many paths to HDR projects 7 professional and, naturally, Adobe® Photoshop® / Lightroom® is fully supported! We've included a full-featured filter plug-in optimized for ease of use and tailored for the popular Adobe® software. There's no easier way to get perfectly exposed images! Adobe® Lightroom Classic® / Photoshop® plug-in included HDR projects does all the work for you! Then simply pick the one you like best from over 100 suggested images, or enhance your image even further to suit your personal taste. Load your images into HDR projects and let the program assemble them. Capture the finest details, and enjoy vibrant colors and stunning contrasts, whether you're working with an exposure series or a single image. With HDR, you get spectacular photos every time. Advanced tools with additional presets, filters, and revised style settings. ![]()
10/31/2023 0 Comments Old school pioneer car equalizerTime constraints forced Fadell to develop various components of the iPod outside Apple. Because most of Apple's engineering manpower and resources were already dedicated to the iMac line, Fadell hired engineers from his startup company, Fuse, and veteran engineers from General Magic and Philips to build the core iPod development team. įadell found support for his project with Apple Computer and was hired by Apple in 2001 as an independent contractor to work on the iPod project, then code-named project P-68. Rubinstein had also already made substantial progress on development of other key hardware elements, including the device's screen and battery. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba hard disk drive while meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, ultimately purchasing the rights to it for Apple. Fadell had previously developed the Philips Velo and Nino PDA before starting a company called Fuse Systems to build the new MP3 player, but RealNetworks, Sony and Philips had already passed on the project. Īt Apple CEO Steve Jobs’ direction, hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein recruited Tony Fadell, a former employee of General Magic and Philips, who had a business idea to invent a better MP3 player and build a complementary music sales store. To address these deficits, the company decided to develop its own MP3 player. They also identified weaknesses in existing models' attempt to negotiate the trade-off between capacity and portability flash memory-based players held too few songs, while the hard drive based models were too big and heavy. Portable MP3 players had existed since the mid-1990s, but Apple found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful". From left to right: iPod 5th generation, iPod 4th generation, iPod Mini, iPod Nano, iPod Shuffle During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. As of iOS 5, separate Music and Videos apps are standardized across all iOS-powered products. īefore the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, which was separated into apps named "Music" and "Videos" on the iPod Touch. Prior to macOS 10.15, Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) could be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple macOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems. ![]() Like other digital music players, some versions of the iPod can serve as external data storage devices. At over 20 years, the iPod brand is the oldest to be discontinued by Apple. Apple discontinued the iPod product line on May 10, 2022. Apple sold an estimated 450 million iPod products as of 2022. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 + 1⁄ 2 months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. The iPod is a discontinued series of portable media players and multi-purpose mobile devices designed and marketed by Apple Inc. |
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